The process principle and characteristics of heat transfer printing
2022-04-30
Heat transfer printingThe technology has developed rapidly in various application fields in our country. In addition, its low investment, resource-saving, and outstanding printing effects have attracted the attention of relevant government departments.
1. Principles and characteristics of heat transfer printing technology
Heat transfer printingIt is a process technology that uses printing methods to print special printing dyes on transfer paper, and then converts the dye onto the fabric through heating/pressure. In particular, according to the sublimation characteristics of disperse dyes, disperse dyes with a sublimation temperature range of 180 to 240 are selected, mixed with paste to make colored ink, and produced according to different pattern requirements.
Heat transfer printingThe technology has the following four characteristics:
1. Excellent printing effect.Heat transfer printingThe fabric patterns printed with this technology are delicate, vivid in color, rich in layers, highly artistic, and have a strong three-dimensional effect, which is difficult to achieve with other methods. It can print photo and painting style patterns.
The printed products have a soft hand feel and long service life. The characteristic of heat transfer printing is that the dye can diffuse into polyester or fibers. The printed products feel very soft and comfortable, and the presence of the ink layer is almost imperceptible. In addition, the ink is dry during the transfer process, so the lifespan of the image is as long as that of the garment itself, and the wear of the printed graphics does not affect the aesthetics of the fabric.
3. Simple process, low equipment investment, and high flexibility. Heat sublimation transfer can print multiple colorful patterns at once without aligning the flowers, and can print living things in a short time according to the personalized needs of customers.
4. Resource-saving and environmentally friendly. Unlike traditional fabric printing, heat sublimation printing does not go through post-processing such as steaming or washing, saving a large amount of water resources, not discharging wastewater, conserving resources, and protecting the environment.
2. Factors affecting quality
(a) Ink
Heat sublimation ink is the core material of sublimation printing technology, composed of disperse dyes, binding materials, solvents, and a small amount of additives. The dyes have good sublimation transferability and permeability. Common transcription printing dyes with a molecular weight of 230-380 and sublimation temperatures of 180-240 include anthraquinone dyes, azo dyes, cationic dyes, etc. The binding materials have low affinity with the dyes, making it easy to release dye gas, and should have appropriate printing compatibility, preservation, and heat transfer adaptability. Common binding materials include low-viscosity ethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose (EHEC), and long oil modified alkyd resins. Common solvents include turpentine, turpentine alcohol, high boiling point methanol, aromatic hydrocarbons, and dissolving agents.
(b) Temperature and time
Heat transfer printingThe transfer process requires controlling the temperature in the range of 180-230 for about 10-30 seconds, while paying attention to the reasonable combination of temperature and time.
Pressure is also one of the important parameters in the heat sublimation transfer process. Taking fabric heat sublimation transfer printing as an example, if the pressure is too low, the gap between the fabric and the transfer paper will widen, the lines will be round, and the ink gas molecules will collide and disperse with the air in large quantities, resulting in a decrease in printing effect. The ink is also prone to penetration, causing the lines to become thicker and the patterns to be blurred, leading to poor visual effects. If the pressure is appropriate, the spacing between the flat fabric and the transfer paper is suitable, resulting in good coloring effects, clear patterns, and smooth and delicate lines. Excessively high pressure can easily lead to deformation, pilling, and changes in the shape of thick fabrics, resulting in rough, hard hand feel and superficial coloring. Therefore, controlling the pressure is very important for the clarity of printed patterns, designs, and visual effects.
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